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1980뿡 B ȿҸ鿪˻ ˻, 1990 ʿ C ü˻ ԵǸ鼭 赵 ſ . ̵ ȯ ϸ, ߿ ü (window period) 赵 . ̱ Ͽ ߰ ȿҿ(Polymerase Chain Reaction) ٻ˻(Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing; NAT) ǥ. 1 window period ̵ ǰ ñδ (zero risk) ϰ ִ. ǥ. 1 ٿ ̱ HCV NAT ٸ ٻ˻翡 Ͽ ȿ ŭ ִ. NAT ˻ ȿҿ(PCR), Transcription-mediated amplification(TMA), branched DNA(bDNA) ǰ ؼ ӻ Ǿ Ѵ.
ǥ. 1. ٻ˻ Կ 赵
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Disease Screening tests Window period Risk
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HCV EIA 3.0 82 days 1:100,000
NAT 30 days 1:500,000
HBV HBsAg/anti-HBc 59 days
NAT 24 days
HIV EIA 22 days 1:500,000
p24 Ag 16 days 1:676,000
NAT 11 days 1:676,000
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(: Schreiber GB, et al. The risk of transfusion-transmittedviral infections NEJM 1996:334;1685-1690)
ܱ NAT ǽ Ȳ
NAT ̱, Ϻ, , ȣ Ϻ ǰ ְ, , Ϻ ӻ ̴. ̱ 1998 ӻ ǽϰ κ ȹ 忡 NAT ϰ ִ. ȹ ȸ pool NAT ǽ Ͽ FDA ӻ ž 㰡 û ¿ ִ.
Ϻ , , ߸ ü 50 poolingϿ HBV, HCV, HIV NAT ϰ ִ. Paul Ehrlich Institute 1999 4 1Ϻ HCV RNA GAT(genomic amplification test) ǽϰ European Medicinal Evaluation Agency 1999 7 1Ϻ Ǵ ȹ HCV RNA GAT κ Ѵٰ ̵ ǥߴ.
NAT Խ ؾ
ٻ˻ ˻翡 ϱ ؾ Ѵ.
1) General issues
2) Test-related issues
3) Donor-related issues
4) Hospital-related issues
5) Recipient issues
I. General issues
忡 ؼ Ȥ ü ؼ NAT ǽ ˻ ؼ NAT ؾ Ѵ. NAT ν (缺, ˻ ) Ͽ Ѵ. , ܰ ٶϴ. ̱ȸ ܰ迡 ϴ ٶϴٰ ǰϰ ִ. ù ܰ(Phase I) ؿ ǰϿ ȹ ˻翡 θ, NAT 並 ˻ ϰ û ˻ ϰ NAT 缺 ȴ. ° ܰ(Phase II) NAT Ӱ ԵǾ, Ͽ , 뿩 NAT ϰ ڷḦ Ͽ NAT Ư ̷ 赵 ҽŰ ȮϿ Ѵ.
NAT NAT ʿ伺 ϵ ڷᰡ ʿϰ, ˻ ɿ, NAT ˻絵Կ , 뿡 ؼ ؾ Ѵ.
. Test-related issues
˻ ؼ ܰ躰 ϵ ʿϰ ˻ ΰ Ǿ Ѵ. ˻ 缺 ǰ ʿϴ. ̱ȸ Ǹ ϰ ִ.
"Positive by NAT" : reactive by NAT and confirmed by a different NAT or subsequent seroconversionþ ް ؼ þ ̻̾ ȭ ǹǷ ǸŻ ܵ 㰡 Ѵ.
. Donor-related issues
NAT ӻ · ǽõ ɼ . ʿ伺 ǰ ʿϸ, ǰ ʿϴٰ Ǹ Ǽ ӻǿ ´ , Ȥ ī带 ִ.
ڿԴ NAT (HCV HIV) ϱ ܰ ˻̰ ˻ 缺 ̸, ڴ ˷־ ϰ Ÿ ñ ؼ ־ Ѵ.
NAT 缺 ڰ 6-12 Ŀ NAT ̰ų Ȥ û(seroconversion) ʴ 쿡 ڰ ʾҴٴ Ű ȴ. HCV Ȥ HIV Ǿٸ follow-up ü ü 缺 ȯǾ Ѵ. 幰 HCV Ҹ ü ʴ 쵵 , ̶ ٸ 2 ̻ NAT 缺 Ѵ.
. Hospital-related issues
ؼ Phase NAT ˻ ̰˻ ÿ ϰ ȴ. Phase NAT 뿩 ϰ ǹǷ, NAT ϰ Ͽ Ѵ. , Phase 䰡 ̹Ƿ ̴.
. Recipient issues
NAT 缺 ȯڿ 뺸 θ ؾ Ѵ. NAT 缺 ߺ ġᰡ ʿ ؼ , NAT 缺 ȯڰ ߰˻, , ġ ġ ϵ ǰǾ Ѵ. ̻δ ̷ ȯڵ ֱ ˻ϴ α ϰ Ͽ, ڿ ġ ȿ ϵ ϴ ִ.
ٻ˻ ȭ ־ ηڿ ʿϱ ˻ Կ ؼ ϰ Ͽ Ѵ. ǽÿ ־ ذǾ Ѵ.
*
Committee Report. Nucleic acid amplification testing of blood donors for transfusion-transmitted infectious disease. TRANSFUSION 2000;40:143-159
2002-10-09
*ó : ڻ
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